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A public aquarium (plural: ''public aquaria'' or '' public aquariums'') is the aquatic counterpart of a zoo, which houses living aquatic animal and plant specimens for public viewing. Most public aquariums feature tanks larger than those kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks. Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public.〔(Visitor Impact ), (AZA official website ), accessed February 3rd, 2007.〕 ==History== The first public aquarium was opened in London Zoo in May 1853; the ''Fish House'', as it came to be known, was constructed much like a greenhouse. P.T. Barnum quickly followed in 1856 with the first American aquarium as part of his established Barnum's American Museum, which was located on Broadway in New York before it burned down.〔 In 1859, the Aquarial Gardens were founded in Boston.〔 A number of aquariums then opened in Europe, such as the Jardin d'Acclimatation in Paris and the Viennese Aquarium Salon (both founded 1860), the Marine Aquarium Temple as part of the Zoological Garden in Hamburg (1864), as well as aquariums in Berlin (1869) and Brighton (1872).〔 The old Berlin Aquarium opened in 1869. The building site was to be ''Unter den Linden'' (along a major avenue), in the centre of town, not at the Berlin Zoo. The aquarium's first director, Alfred Brehm, former director of the Hamburg Zoo from 1863 to 1866, served until 1874.〔Strehlow, Harro, "Zoos and Aquariums of Berlin" in ''New World, New Animals: From Menagerie to Zoological Park in the Nineteenth Century'', Hoage, Robert J. and Deiss, William A. (ed.), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1996, p.69. ISBN 0-8018-5110-6〕 With its emphasis on education, the public aquarium was designed like a grotto, part of it made of natural rock. The ''Geologische Grotte'' depicted "the strata of the earth's crust". The grotto also featured birds and pools for seals. The Aquarium ''Unter den Linden'' was a three-story building. Machinery and water tanks were on the ground floor, aquarium basins for the fish on the first floor. Because of Brehm's special interest in birds, a huge aviary, with cages for mammals placed around it, was located on the second floor. The facility closed in 1910.〔Strehlow, Harro, "Zoos and Aquariums of Berlin" in ''New World, New Animals: From Menagerie to Zoological Park in the Nineteenth Century'', Hoage, Robert J. and Deiss, William A. (ed.), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1996, p.70. ISBN 0-8018-5110-6〕 The Artis aquarium at Amsterdam Zoo was constructed inside a Victorian building in 1882, and was renovated in 1997. At the end of the 19th century the Artis aquarium was considered state-of-the-art, as it was again at the end of the 20th century.〔Van Bruggen, A.C., "Notes on the Buildings of Amsterdam Zoo", (International Zoo News Vol.49/6 (No.319) ), September 2002.〕 Prior to its closing on September 30, 2013, the oldest American aquarium was the National Aquarium in Washington, D.C., founded in 1873.〔David Lin, former Director of Operations, National Aquarium, Washington, DC〕 This was followed by the opening of other public aquariums: San Francisco (''Woodward's Garden'', 1873–1890), Woods Hole (''Science Aquarium'', 1885), New York (''Battery Park'', 1896–1941), La Jolla (''Scripps'', 1903), Honolulu (Waikiki Aquarium 1904–present), Detroit (''Belle Isle Aquarium'', 1904–2005, 2012–Present), Philadelphia (''Fairmount Water Works'', 1911–1962), San Francisco (''Steinhart Aquarium'', 1923), Chicago (''Shedd Aquarium'', 1929). For many years, the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago was the largest aquarium in the United States, until the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta opened. Entertainment and aquatic circus exhibits were combined as themes in Philadelphia's Aquarama Aquarium Theater of the Sea (1962–1969) and Camden's re-invented Adventure Aquarium 2005, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium (1992). The first Japanese public aquarium, a small freshwater aquarium, was opened at the Ueno Zoo in 1882.〔Kawata, Ken, "Zoological Gardens of Japan", in ''Zoo and Aquarium History: Ancient Collections to Zoological Gardens'', Kisling, Vernon N. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2001, p.298. ISBN 0-8493-2100-X〕 In 2005, the Georgia Aquarium, with more than 8 million U.S. gallons (6.7 million imp gal; 30 million L) of marine and fresh water, and more than 100,000 animals of 500 different species opened in Atlanta, Georgia. The aquarium's notable specimens include whale sharks and beluga whales. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「public aquarium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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